Project:About: Difference between revisions - Wittgenstein Nachlass Graphics

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The ''Nachlass'' contains approximately 3000 graphics. Until 2022, these were represented in the Bergen ''Nachlass'' editions as character transcriptions, facsimile snippets or remade drawings stemming from different sources. The WAB had received invaluable help with the task of handling the ''Nachlass'' graphics from its transcribers and editors as well as from Michael R. Biggs and, since 2014, Hans Biesenbach.

In 2022, on the initiative of Alois Pichler, director of the WAB, the WAB and Michele Lavazza, coordinator of the [https://wittgensteinproject.org/ Ludwig Wittgenstein Project], started a cooperation intended to redraw all graphics which at that point in time were represented by remade drawings ~~or facsimile snippets~~, following a uniform style in a "~~normalised~~" ~~format~~. With funding from the WAB, the project lasted from October 2022 to April 2024 and resulted in the recreation of [[Project:Statistics|approximately 1000 image files]] which were subsequently embedded in the transcriptions. The new drawings were thus incorporated in the IDP and SFB resources.

In 2022, on the initiative of Alois Pichler, director of the WAB, the WAB and Michele Lavazza, coordinator of the [https://wittgensteinproject.org/ Ludwig Wittgenstein Project], started a cooperation intended to redraw all graphics which at that point in time were represented by facsimile snippets or remade drawings, following a uniform style and format in an effort to "normalise" them. With funding from the WAB, the project lasted from October 2022 to April 2024 and resulted in the recreation of [[Project:Statistics|approximately 1000 image files]] which were subsequently embedded in the transcriptions. The new drawings were thus incorporated in the IDP and SFB resources.

The drawings were made by Michele Lavazza and graphic designer Sara Lavazza under the supervision and coordination of Alois Pichler. Precious help and consultancy was provided by Michael Biggs, Rune J. Falch, and Daphne Bielefeld.

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It soon started to seem desirable that the image files should also become available – ''i.e.'', browsable, searchable, and downloadable – in and of themselves, and not only as an integral part of the manuscripts. Thus, Michele Lavazza built this website ([[Main Page|{{SITENAME}}]]) to host the files and used data from the WAB's XML transcriptions, combined with a database-like infrastructure powered by [https://semantic-mediawiki.org Semantic MediaWiki], to make it possible to search and filter them by description tags as well as by manuscript number. In this task, he received help from Frederic Kettelhoit and continued working in cooperation with Alois Pichler.

Finally, at this stage, it became clear that an added value would be provided by the fact of also offering the graphics that had been encoded in the WAB's transcriptions by the abovementioned combination of XML markup and Unicode characters – and their semantic tags. These were not redrawn: rather, the HTML and CSS code derived from the XML source by the WAB parser was converted to an image format using the [https://pypi.org/project/html2image/ html2image] Python library. The images thus created were given a grey background to make them easy to distinguish at a glance.

Finally, at this stage, it became clear that an added value would be provided by the fact of also offering the graphics that had been encoded in the WAB's transcriptions by the abovementioned combination of XML markup and Unicode characters – and their semantic tags. These were not redrawn: rather, the HTML and CSS code derived from the XML source through the WAB parser was converted to an image format using the [https://pypi.org/project/html2image/ html2image] Python library. The images thus created were given a grey background to make them easy to distinguish at a glance.

As a terminological convention, the word "figure" is used to refer to the graphics which can be encoded in XML using Unicode ~~character~~ and rendered using HTML and CSS (<code>rend="literal"</code> in the XML); the word "drawing" is used to refer to the graphics which cannot, and thus have to be rendered as images (<code>rend="bitmap"</code> in the XML).

== Terminology ==

As a terminological convention, the word "figure" is used to refer to the graphics which can be encoded in the XML format using Unicode characters and rendered visually using HTML and CSS (<code>rend="literal"</code> in the WAB's XML transcriptions); the word "drawing" is used to refer to the graphics which cannot, and thus have to be rendered as images (<code>rend="bitmap"</code> in the WAB's XML transcriptions).

<div class="side-by-side-image-container">[[File:137,141a.png|x110px|center|class=img-comfy]]<p class="image-caption">Example of a "drawing" ([[:File:137,141a.png|137,141a]]).</p>

[[File:~~101~~,~~28r~~.png|x110px|center|class=img-comfy]]

<p class="image-caption">Example of a "drawing" ([[:File:~~101~~,~~28r~~.png|~~101~~,~~28r~~]]).</p>

</div>

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The drawings that were recreated are those that had already been included as facsimile snippets or remade drawings (as opposed to encoded as XML and Unicode) by the WAB as of October 2022. In other words, the scope of the redrawn graphics has not changed since the early phase of the work to transcribe the ''Nachlass'', and the graphics that were initially encoded as XML and Unicode are still encoded in the same way.

Additionally, this website contains a visual representation of each figure that was tagged as a "graphic" in the XML file (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="~~graphic~~"</syntaxhighlight>) as opposed to a non-graphic "logic" or "maths" item (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="logic"</syntaxhighlight> or <~~code~~>subtype="~~math~~"</~~code~~>).

Additionally, this website contains a visual representation of each figure that was tagged as a "graphic" in the XML file (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="graphics"</syntaxhighlight>) as opposed to a non-graphic "logic" or "maths" item (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="logic"</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="maths"</syntaxhighlight>).

Both types of graphics are tagged with semantic descriptors which make it possible to search them and filter them based on their content.

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The naming of the figures follows a partly different pattern. After the digits that refer to the manuscript or typescript number and those that refer to the page number is always a hyphen followed by a progressive letter.

For example, [[:File:108,89-c.png|108,89-c]] is the third ~~graphic encoded in the transcription as XML and Unicode~~ that occurs on page 89 of Ms-108; and even when only one occurs on a given page, the suffix "-a" is present to prevent situations where the numbering of this type of objects would conflict with that of the other type (for example, [[:File:108,25-a.png|108,25-a]] is the first figure that occurs on page 25 of Ms-108, while [[:File:108,25.png|108,25]] is the only drawing that occurs on the same page).

For example, [[:File:108,89-c.png|108,89-c]] is the third figure that occurs on page 89 of Ms-108; and even when only one occurs on a given page, the suffix "-a" is present to prevent situations where the numbering of this type of objects would conflict with that of the other type (for example, [[:File:108,25-a.png|108,25-a]] is the first figure that occurs on page 25 of Ms-108, while [[:File:108,25.png|108,25]] is the only drawing that occurs on the same page).

=== File formats ===

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* Through a gallery page that includes all images ([[All graphics]]);

* Through a gallery page for each manuscript or typescript ([[:Category:All manuscript pages|All manuscript pages]]);

* Through a gallery page for each manuscript or typescript (for example, [[Ms-148]]; see [[:Category:All manuscript pages|All manuscript pages]]);

* Individually, through a description page that can be viewed by clicking ~~on the name of a file in a gallery page or~~ on the "More details" button which appears after clicking on an image in a gallery page (for example, [[:File:134,159-2.png]]).

* Individually, through a description page that can be viewed by clicking on the "More details" button which appears after clicking on an image in a gallery page (for example, [[:File:134,159-2.png]]; see [[:Category:All PNG files]] and [[:Category:All SVG files]]).

All these types of pages can also be accessed by using the search bar to look up a manuscript or typescript number or a file name.

All these types of pages can also be accessed by using the search bar to look up a manuscript or typescript number or a file name (see the ''[[Project:About#Semantic tags and searching|Semantic tags and searching]]'' section below).

Please note that gallery pages only list the PNG files to avoid duplicates. To access an SVG file, either click on the relevant link in the description box of the PNG file, or look its name up directly through the search bar.

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The approximately 1000 drawings stemming from the redrawing project and made available on this website are licenced under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0]. This means that the image files can be freely downloaded without asking for permission or paying a fee and can be reused for any purpose, including commercial, provided that the authors, editors and copyright holders are credited, if possible with a link to this website.

The rights to the semantic tags (''i.e.'', to the relationship between the image files and the descriptors) belong to the University of Bergen, Bergen. The copyright holders (The Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge and the University of Bergen, Bergen, in agreement with Oxford University Press) released the transcriptions of a subset of the ''Nachlass'' (Ts-201a1, Ts-201a2, Ms-139a, Ts-207, Ms-114, Ms-115, Ms-153a, Ms-153b, Ms-154, Ms-155, Ms-156a, Ms-148, Ms-149, Ms-150, Ts-212, Ts-213, p.39v of Ms-140, Ms-141, Ms-152, Ts-310) under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0], meaning that the semantic tags for this specific subset of manuscripts are equally available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.

The rights to the semantic tags (''i.e.'', to the relationship between the image files and the descriptors) belong to the University of Bergen, Bergen. The copyright holders (The Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge and the University of Bergen, Bergen, in agreement with Oxford University Press) released the transcriptions of a subset of the ''Nachlass'' (Ts-201a1, Ts-201a2, Ms-139a, Ts-207, Ms-114, Ms-115, Ms-153a, Ms-153b, Ms-154, Ms-155, Ms-156a, Ms-148, Ms-149, Ms-150, Ts-212, Ts-213, page 39v of Ms-140, Ms-141, Ms-152, Ts-310) under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0], meaning that the semantic tags for this specific subset of manuscripts are equally available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.

== Video overview ==

An overview of the project which led to the creation of this website is available through this recording of Michele Lavazza's talk at the "Wittgenstein Corpus 2.0" conference, which took place in Vienna in December 2024.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 The ''Nachlass'' contains approximately 3000 graphics. Until 2022, these were represented in the Bergen ''Nachlass'' editions as character transcriptions, facsimile snippets or remade drawings stemming from different sources. The WAB had received invaluable help with the task of handling the ''Nachlass'' graphics from its transcribers and editors as well as from Michael R. Biggs and, since 2014, Hans Biesenbach.
-In 2022, on the initiative of Alois Pichler, director of the WAB, the WAB and Michele Lavazza, coordinator of the [https://wittgensteinproject.org/ Ludwig Wittgenstein Project], started a cooperation intended to redraw all graphics which at that point in time were represented by remade drawings or facsimile snippets, following a uniform style in a "normalised" format. With funding from the WAB, the project lasted from October 2022 to April 2024 and resulted in the recreation of [[Project:Statistics|approximately 1000 image files]] which were subsequently embedded in the transcriptions. The new drawings were thus incorporated in the IDP and SFB resources.
+In 2022, on the initiative of Alois Pichler, director of the WAB, the WAB and Michele Lavazza, coordinator of the [https://wittgensteinproject.org/ Ludwig Wittgenstein Project], started a cooperation intended to redraw all graphics which at that point in time were represented by facsimile snippets or remade drawings, following a uniform style and format in an effort to "normalise" them. With funding from the WAB, the project lasted from October 2022 to April 2024 and resulted in the recreation of [[Project:Statistics|approximately 1000 image files]] which were subsequently embedded in the transcriptions. The new drawings were thus incorporated in the IDP and SFB resources.
 The drawings were made by Michele Lavazza and graphic designer Sara Lavazza under the supervision and coordination of Alois Pichler. Precious help and consultancy was provided by Michael Biggs, Rune J. Falch, and Daphne Bielefeld.
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 It soon started to seem desirable that the image files should also become available – ''i.e.'', browsable, searchable, and downloadable – in and of themselves, and not only as an integral part of the manuscripts. Thus, Michele Lavazza built this website ([[Main Page|{{SITENAME}}]]) to host the files and used data from the WAB's XML transcriptions, combined with a database-like infrastructure powered by [https://semantic-mediawiki.org Semantic MediaWiki], to make it possible to search and filter them by description tags as well as by manuscript number. In this task, he received help from Frederic Kettelhoit and continued working in cooperation with Alois Pichler.
-Finally, at this stage, it became clear that an added value would be provided by the fact of also offering the graphics that had been encoded in the WAB's transcriptions by the abovementioned combination of XML markup and Unicode characters – and their semantic tags. These were not redrawn: rather, the HTML and CSS code derived from the XML source by the WAB parser was converted to an image format using the [https://pypi.org/project/html2image/ html2image] Python library. The images thus created were given a grey background to make them easy to distinguish at a glance.
+Finally, at this stage, it became clear that an added value would be provided by the fact of also offering the graphics that had been encoded in the WAB's transcriptions by the abovementioned combination of XML markup and Unicode characters – and their semantic tags. These were not redrawn: rather, the HTML and CSS code derived from the XML source through the WAB parser was converted to an image format using the [https://pypi.org/project/html2image/ html2image] Python library. The images thus created were given a grey background to make them easy to distinguish at a glance.
-As a terminological convention, the word "figure" is used to refer to the graphics which can be encoded in XML using Unicode character and rendered using HTML and CSS (<code>rend="literal"</code> in the XML);  the word "drawing" is used to refer to the graphics which cannot, and thus have to be rendered as images (<code>rend="bitmap"</code> in the XML).
+== Terminology ==
+As a terminological convention, the word "figure" is used to refer to the graphics which can be encoded in the XML format using Unicode characters and rendered visually using HTML and CSS (<code>rend="literal"</code> in the WAB's XML transcriptions);  the word "drawing" is used to refer to the graphics which cannot, and thus have to be rendered as images (<code>rend="bitmap"</code> in the WAB's XML transcriptions).
 <div class="side-by-side-image-row">
-<div class="side-by-side-image-container">
+<div class="side-by-side-image-container">[[File:137,141a.png|x110px|center|class=img-comfy]]<p class="image-caption">Example of a "drawing" ([[:File:137,141a.png|137,141a]]).</p>
-[[File:101,28r.png|x110px|center|class=img-comfy]]
-<p class="image-caption">Example of a "drawing" ([[:File:101,28r.png|101,28r]]).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="side-by-side-image-container">
@@ Line 35: / Line 34: @@
 The drawings that were recreated are those that had already been included as facsimile snippets or remade drawings (as opposed to encoded as XML and Unicode) by the WAB as of October 2022. In other words, the scope of the redrawn graphics has not changed since the early phase of the work to transcribe the ''Nachlass'', and the graphics that were initially encoded as XML and Unicode are still encoded in the same way.
-Additionally, this website contains a visual representation of each figure that was tagged as a "graphic" in the XML file (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="graphic"</syntaxhighlight>) as opposed to a non-graphic "logic" or "maths" item (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="logic"</syntaxhighlight> or <code>subtype="math"</code>).
+Additionally, this website contains a visual representation of each figure that was tagged as a "graphic" in the XML file (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="graphics"</syntaxhighlight>) as opposed to a non-graphic "logic" or "maths" item (<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="logic"</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline="">subtype="maths"</syntaxhighlight>).
 Both types of graphics are tagged with semantic descriptors which make it possible to search them and filter them based on their content.
@@ Line 53: / Line 52: @@
 The naming of the figures follows a partly different pattern. After the digits that refer to the manuscript or typescript number and those that refer to the page number is always a hyphen followed by a progressive letter.
-For example, [[:File:108,89-c.png|108,89-c]] is the third graphic encoded in the transcription as XML and Unicode that occurs on page 89 of Ms-108; and even when only one occurs on a given page, the suffix "-a" is present to prevent situations where the numbering of this type of objects would conflict with that of the other type (for example, [[:File:108,25-a.png|108,25-a]] is the first figure that occurs on page 25 of Ms-108, while [[:File:108,25.png|108,25]] is the only drawing that occurs on the same page).
+For example, [[:File:108,89-c.png|108,89-c]] is the third figure that occurs on page 89 of Ms-108; and even when only one occurs on a given page, the suffix "-a" is present to prevent situations where the numbering of this type of objects would conflict with that of the other type (for example, [[:File:108,25-a.png|108,25-a]] is the first figure that occurs on page 25 of Ms-108, while [[:File:108,25.png|108,25]] is the only drawing that occurs on the same page).
 === File formats ===
@@ Line 72: / Line 71: @@
 * Through a gallery page that includes all images ([[All graphics]]);
-* Through a gallery page for each manuscript or typescript ([[:Category:All manuscript pages|All manuscript pages]]);
+* Through a gallery page for each manuscript or typescript (for example, [[Ms-148]]; see [[:Category:All manuscript pages|All manuscript pages]]);
-* Individually, through a description page that can be viewed by clicking on the name of a file in a gallery page or on the "More details" button which appears after clicking on an image in a gallery page (for example,  [[:File:134,159-2.png]]).
+* Individually, through a description page that can be viewed by clicking on the "More details" button which appears after clicking on an image in a gallery page (for example,  [[:File:134,159-2.png]]; see [[:Category:All PNG files]] and [[:Category:All SVG files]]).
-All these types of pages can also be accessed by using the search bar to look up a manuscript or typescript number or a file name.
+All these types of pages can also be accessed by using the search bar to look up a manuscript or typescript number or a file name (see the ''[[Project:About#Semantic tags and searching|Semantic tags and searching]]'' section below).
 Please note that gallery pages only list the PNG files to avoid duplicates. To access an SVG file, either click on the relevant link in the description box of the PNG file, or look its name up directly through the search bar.
@@ Line 106: / Line 105: @@
 The approximately 1000 drawings stemming from the redrawing project and made available on this website are licenced under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0]. This means that the image files can be freely downloaded without asking for permission or paying a fee and can be reused for any purpose, including commercial, provided that the authors, editors and copyright holders are credited, if possible with a link to this website.
-The rights to the semantic tags (''i.e.'', to the relationship between the image files and the descriptors) belong to the University of Bergen, Bergen. The copyright holders (The Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge and the University of Bergen, Bergen, in agreement with Oxford University Press) released the transcriptions of a subset of the ''Nachlass'' (Ts-201a1, Ts-201a2, Ms-139a, Ts-207, Ms-114, Ms-115, Ms-153a, Ms-153b, Ms-154, Ms-155, Ms-156a, Ms-148, Ms-149, Ms-150, Ts-212, Ts-213, p.39v of Ms-140, Ms-141, Ms-152, Ts-310) under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0], meaning that the semantic tags for this specific subset of manuscripts are equally available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.
+The rights to the semantic tags (''i.e.'', to the relationship between the image files and the descriptors) belong to the University of Bergen, Bergen. The copyright holders (The Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge and the University of Bergen, Bergen, in agreement with Oxford University Press) released the transcriptions of a subset of the ''Nachlass'' (Ts-201a1, Ts-201a2, Ms-139a, Ts-207, Ms-114, Ms-115, Ms-153a, Ms-153b, Ms-154, Ms-155, Ms-156a, Ms-148, Ms-149, Ms-150, Ts-212, Ts-213, page 39v of Ms-140, Ms-141, Ms-152, Ts-310) under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0], meaning that the semantic tags for this specific subset of manuscripts are equally available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.
+== Video overview ==
+An overview of the project which led to the creation of this website is available through this recording of Michele Lavazza's talk at the "Wittgenstein Corpus 2.0" conference, which took place in Vienna in December 2024.
+{{#ev:youtube|id=phf9a8c7IVA|alignment=center|autoresize=true}}